READ BOOT DEVICE ID (INT 15, later PSIBM PS/2, any model/2s, AX=D600h/BL=00h) READ BOOT DEVICE KEY (INT 15, later PSIBM PS/2, any model/2s, AX=D601h/BL=00h) READ BUFFER (INT 14, MBBIOS, AH=0Bh) READ BUFFERS {callout or callback, undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, Novell DOS 7+ FDOS EXTENSIONS, AX=1002h/CH=FFh) READ BYTE (INT 69, DECnet DOS CTERM, AX=0102h) READ BYTE (INT 6A, DECnet DOS LOCAL AREA TRANSPORT, AH=02h/DH=FFh) READ CHARACTER (INT 10, VIDEO, AX PCIBM PC, AX=5101h) READ CHARACTER (INT 14, 3com BAPI SERIAL I/O, AH=A3h) READ CHARACTER (INT 14, COURIERS.COM, AH=84h) READ CHARACTER AND ATTRIBUTE ATIBM PC AT CURSOR POSITION (INT 10, VIDEO, AH=08h) READ CHARACTER FROM PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) (INT 14, MultiDOS Plus IODRV, AH=05h) READ CHARACTER FROM PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) (INT 14, SERIAL, AH=02h/AL=00h) READ CHARACTER FROM STANDARD INPUT, WITH ECHO (INT 21, DOS 1+, AH=01h) READ CHARACTER FROM STDAUX (INT 21, DOS 1+, AH=03h) READ CHARACTER, NO WAIT (INT 14, IBMInternational Busiuness MachinesInternational Busiuness Machines) A hardware, software and other service technology company founded in 1911./Yale EBIOS SERIAL I/O, AH=FCh) READ COMMS PARAMETERS (INT 14, HUNTER 16, AH=1Eh) READ CONFIGURATION BYTE (32-bit) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B188h) READ CONFIGURATION BYTE (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B108h) READ CONFIGURATION DATA (INT 21, PCIBM PC/TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) A higher level (session layer) of the TCP/IP protocol suite. See also IP, TCP/IP. IPCUST.SYS, AH=3Fh) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (32-bit) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B18Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (Adaptec devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (AMD devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (Brooktree devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (DEC device) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (Intel devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (National Semicond. device) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (OPTi devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (PCIBM PC Technology devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (PicoPower devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (VIA Technologies devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (VLSI devices) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION DWORDDoubleword; four bytes. Commonly used to hold a 32-bit segment:offset or selector:offset address. (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B10Ah) READ CONFIGURATION WORD (32-bit) (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B189h) READ CONFIGURATION WORD (INT 1A, PCI BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v2.0c+, AX=B109h) READ CONSOLE DATA BYTE (INT 7F, Alloy MW386, AH=C7h) READ CONSOLE DATA INTO BUFFER (INT 7F, Alloy MW386, AH=C8h) READ CONTROL RECORD (INT 32, NOISE.SYS v0.6+, AX=6E18h) READ CR0 (INT 67, Virtual Control Program InterfaceA simple API for protected-mode programs to allocate memory and switch into or out of protected mode. See also DOS Protected-Mode Interface., AX=DE07h) READ CURRENT CPU(Central Processing Unit) The microprocessor which executes programs on your computer. SPEED (INT 16, Compaq 386 and newer, AH=F1h) READ CURRENT CURSOR LOCATION (INT 14, FOSSIL(Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface Layer) A standardized API for performing serial I/O, originally used by the Fido and Opus bulletin- board software and Seadog bulletin-board mailer, but now in wider use., AH=12h) READ DATA (PCIBM PC and PCjr only) (INT 15, CASSETTE, AH=02h) READ DATA FROM NON-VOLATILE RAM(Random Access Memory) See also DRAM, SRAM. (INT 15, Amstrad PC1512, AH=02h/AL=3Fh) READ DATA ON A VIRTUAL CIRCUIT (INT 6B, NPC NCSI EXTENDED SERIAL I/O, AH=19h) READ DEBUG REGISTERS (INT 67, Virtual Control Program InterfaceA simple API for protected-mode programs to allocate memory and switch into or out of protected mode. See also DOS Protected-Mode Interface., AX=DE08h) READ DELETED SECTORS (INT 13, V10DISK.SYS, AH=06h) READ DMQS DATA (INT 10, VIDEO, XGA(Extended Graphics Array), AX=1F01h) READ DRIVE PARAMATERS (for DOS 5+) (INT 13, SyQuest, AH=13h) READ EDID (INT 10, VESA(Video Electronics Standards Association) An industry group which sets both hardware and software standards and recommendations. The term VESA is also used to denote compliance with the VESA SuperVGA BIOS Extensions, a standard set of video BIOS functions for accessing video modes of higher resolution than those defined by IBMInternational Busiuness Machines. VBE(VESA BIOS Extensions) The common software interface for video cards providing support for high resolution and bit depth./DC (Display Data Channel), AX=4F15h/BL=01h/CX=0000h/DX=0000h) Read EDID through Display Data Channel (PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) 4F15, Tseng Labs ET6000) READ EMSsee Expanded Memory Specification STATUS (INT 21, DIET v1.43e, AX=37DEh/BX=899Dh) READ ERROR DETECTION CODE (INT 1A, PCMCIA Socket Services v1.00, AH=9Ch) READ EXTENDED ATTRIBUTE (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F256h) READ EXTENDED GRAPHICS CONFIGURATION (PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) 8EEE, ATI Mach32) READ EXTENDED NAME SPACE INFO (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F257h) READ FILE (INT 50, PCIBM PC Thuis Organizer Shell, AX=0004h/CX=0000h) READ FLASH BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 15, AMIAmerican Megatrends, Inc.(American Megatrends, Inc.) A hardware, software and firmware company founded in 1985. BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly., Flash ROM(Read-Only Memory) A memory for program storage which may not be changed by the program as it runs., AX=DB00h) READ FROM BLOCK DEVICE CONTROL CHANNEL (INT 21, DOS 2+, IOCTL, AX=4404h) READ FROM CHARACTER DEVICE CONTROL CHANNEL (INT 21, DOS 2+, IOCTL, AX=4402h) READ FROM CLIPBOARD {partially documented} (INT 60, HP 95LX System Manager, DI=0709h) READ FROM EEPROM (INT 15, Tandy 1000SL/TL, AX=7000h) READ FROM FILE {partially documented} (INT 60, HP 95LX System Manager, DI=0504h) READ FROM FILE {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, DOS 3.3+ internal, AX=1229h) Read From Model Specified Register (OPCODE RDMSR) READ FROM POINTER PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) (INT 15, SYSTEM, POINTING DEVICE BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. INTERFACE, AX=C209h) READ FROM REMOTE FILE {callout or callback, undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, NETWORK REDIRECTOR, AX=1108h) READ FROM THE NETWORK (INT 63, BW-TCP, TCPIP.SYS, AH=1Ah) Read From Time Stamp Counter (OPCODE RDTSC) READ FUNCTION CONFIGURATION INFORMATION (INT 15, EISA(Enhanced Industry-Standard Architecture) A 32-bit superset of the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines ATIBM PC AT's expansion bus (which is now known as the ISA or Industry-Standard Architecture bus). SYSTEM ROM(Read-Only Memory) A memory for program storage which may not be changed by the program as it runs., AX=D801h) READ GRAPHICS PIXEL (INT 10, VIDEO, AH=0Dh) READ GRAY SCALE TABLE (INT 10, VIDEO, Compaq SLT/286, AX=BF06h) READ INDIVIDUAL DAC(Digital-to-Analog Converter) A hardware device (in its simplest form, nothing more than a set of interconnected resistors) which converts a digital number into an analog signal whose voltage is proportional to the value of the digital number. VGAVideo Graphics Array and later color video boards use DACs to convert color values into the analog signals sent to the display; sound boards normally use DACs as well. REGISTER (VGAVideo Graphics Array(Video Graphics Array) The video adapter introduced with the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PS/2IBM PS/2, any model series of computers./MCGAMulti-Color Graphics Array(Multi-Color Graphics Array) The low-end color adapter offered in IBMInternational Busiuness Machines's early PS/2IBM PS/2, any model series machines.) (INT 10, VIDEO, AX=1015h) READ INFORMATION (INT 10, VIDEO, FLAT-PANEL, AX=1E00h) READ INPUT LINE FROM CONSOLE (INT 2F, DOS 5+ DOSKEY, PCED v2.1, AX=4810h) READ LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) (INT 15, Olivetti Quaderno, AX=44C6h) READ LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)/PLASMA TIMEOUT (INT 15, Compaq SLT/286 or Portable 386, AX=4000h) READ LIGHT PEN POSITION (except VGAVideo Graphics Array(Video Graphics Array) The video adapter introduced with the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PS/2IBM PS/2, any model series of computers.) (INT 10, VIDEO, AH=04h) READ LONG SECTOR(S) (ATIBM PC AT and later) (INT 13, HARD DISK, AH=0Ah) READ MAILBOX (INT 15, MultiDOS Plus, AH=06h) READ MASK (PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) AEE8-AEEB, 8514/A and compatible) READ MESSAGE (INT 62, Cswitch, AH=0Ch) READ MONITOR TYPE AND ID FROM 15-PIN CONNECTOR (INT 10, Cirrus Logic BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly., AH=12h/BL=A1h) READ MOTION COUNTERS (INT 33, MS MOUSE v1.0+, AX=000Bh) READ MULTIPLE (INT 1A, PCMCIA Socket Services v1.00, AH=93h) READ MULTIPLE DISK SECTORS (INT 13, HARD DISK, PSIBM PS/2, any model/1 and newer PS/2IBM PS/2, any model, AH=21h) READ ONE (INT 1A, PCMCIA Socket Services v1.00, AH=91h) READ ONE REGISTER (INT 10, EGAEnhanced Graphics Adapter(Enhanced Graphics Adapter) IBMInternational Busiuness Machines's second color video board for the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PCIBM PC family, capable of a maximum resolution of 640x350 pixels in 16 simultaneous colors of a total of 64 possible colors. Register Interface Library, AH=F0h/BH=00h) READ OVERSCAN (BORDER COLOR) REGISTER (VGAVideo Graphics Array(Video Graphics Array) The video adapter introduced with the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PS/2IBM PS/2, any model series of computers.,UltraVision v2+) (INT 10, VIDEO, AX=1008h) READ PACKET NONDESTRUCTIVELY (INT 14, COMM-DRV v14.0, AH=8Eh) READ PAGE-TABLE ENTRY {obsolete, protected mode} (INT 21, Phar Lap 386/DOS-Extender VMM v2.1c, AX=251Dh) READ PCCONFIG BYTES (INT 61, Banyan VINES, AH=05h) READ PEL MASK (VGAVideo Graphics Array(Video Graphics Array) The video adapter introduced with the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PS/2IBM PS/2, any model series of computers./MCGAMulti-Color Graphics Array(Multi-Color Graphics Array) The low-end color adapter offered in IBMInternational Busiuness Machines's early PS/2IBM PS/2, any model series machines.) {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 10, VIDEO, AX=1019h) Read Perfomance Monitoring Counters (OPCODE RDPMC) READ PHYSICAL SLOT (INT 15, EISA(Enhanced Industry-Standard Architecture) A 32-bit superset of the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines ATIBM PC AT's expansion bus (which is now known as the ISA or Industry-Standard Architecture bus). SYSTEM ROM(Read-Only Memory) A memory for program storage which may not be changed by the program as it runs., AX=D804h) READ POWER CONSERVATION/MODEM CONFIGURATION (INT 15, Compaq SLT/286, AX=4600h) READ PROCESSOR SPEED (INT 16, HP Vectra ES/QS/RS EX-BIOS, AX=6F0Ah) READ PROPERTY VALUE (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F217h) READ PROPERTY VALUE (INT 21, Novell NetWare, BINDERY SERVICES, AH=E3h) READ PROTMODE REGS AFTER SFTWARE INT {protected mode} (INT 21, Phar Lap 386/DOS-Ext VMM v3.0, AX=2538h) READ QUEUE CURRENT STATUS (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare v2.1+, AX=F217h) READ QUEUE CURRENT STATUS (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare, QUEUE SERVICES, AH=E3h) READ QUEUE CURRENT STATUS (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F217h) READ QUEUE JOB ENTRY (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare v2.1+, AX=F217h) READ QUEUE JOB ENTRY (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare, QUEUE SERVICES, AH=E3h) READ QUEUE JOB ENTRY (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F217h) READ QUEUE SERVER CURRENT STATUS (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F217h) READ QUEUE SERVER CURRENT STATUS (INT 21, Novell NetWare v3.1+, AX=F217h) READ QUEUE SERVER CURRENT STATUS OLD (INT 21, Novell NetWare, QUEUE SERVICES, AH=E3h) READ RANDOM BYTES (INT 32, NOISE.SYS v0.53+, AX=6E17h) READ RANDOM RECORD FROM FCBsee File Control Block FILE (INT 21, DOS 1+, AH=21h) READ REGISTER RANGE (INT 10, EGAEnhanced Graphics Adapter(Enhanced Graphics Adapter) IBMInternational Busiuness Machines's second color video board for the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PCIBM PC family, capable of a maximum resolution of 640x350 pixels in 16 simultaneous colors of a total of 64 possible colors. Register Interface Library, AH=F2h) READ REGISTER SET (INT 10, EGAEnhanced Graphics Adapter(Enhanced Graphics Adapter) IBMInternational Busiuness Machines's second color video board for the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PCIBM PC family, capable of a maximum resolution of 640x350 pixels in 16 simultaneous colors of a total of 64 possible colors. Register Interface Library, AH=F4h) READ REGISTERS AFTER CTRL-C INT {protected mode} (INT 21, Phar Lap 386/DOS-Extender VMM, AX=2528h) READ RESTRICTED DIRECTORY ENTRY (INT 7F, Alloy MW386, AH=F2h) READ RESTRICTED DIRECTORY ENTRY FOR GROUP (INT 7F, Alloy MW386, AH=F3h) READ RTCsee Real-Time Clock ALARM TIME AND STATUS (CONVIBM Convertible,PS30IBM PS/2 Model 30 and below) (INT 1A, TIME, AH=09h) READ SECTOR BUFFER (XTIBM PC XT only) (INT 13, HARD DISK, AH=0Eh) READ SECTOR(S) INTO MEMORY (INT 13, DISK, AH=02h) READ SECTOR(S) INTO MEMORY (INT 4D, TI Professional PCIBM PC, DISK, AH=02h) READ SETUP INFORMATION FROM FLASH-DISK (INT 15, PhysTechSoft PTS ROM-DOS, AX=E906h) READ SHIFT KEY STATUS (INT 16, KEYBOARD, AX PCIBM PC, AH=51h) READ SLOT CONFIGURATION INFORMATION (INT 15, EISA(Enhanced Industry-Standard Architecture) A 32-bit superset of the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines ATIBM PC AT's expansion bus (which is now known as the ISA or Industry-Standard Architecture bus). SYSTEM ROM(Read-Only Memory) A memory for program storage which may not be changed by the program as it runs., AX=D800h) Read SMM(System Management Mode) A special CPU mode typically invoked on changes in power-supply status. In this mode, additional hidden memory becomes available for storing the CPU's state and a control program to deal with the needs of power management or other critical events. Header Pointer Register (OPCODE RDSHR) READ STATUS (INT 14, 3com BAPI SERIAL I/O, AH=A7h) READ STATUS (INT 14, IBMInternational Busiuness MachinesInternational Busiuness Machines) A hardware, software and other service technology company founded in 1911./Yale EBIOS SERIAL I/O, AX=FD02h) READ STATUS BLOCK (INT 21, Turbo Debug HARDWARE BREAKPOINTS, AH=3Fh) READ STRING (INT 14, Digiboard DigiCHANNEL PCIBM PC/X*, AH=0Fh) READ SYSTEM STATUS (CONVERTIBLE) (INT 15, SYSTEM, AH=43h) READ SYSTEM TIME (CALL 0060h:0024h, Eagle MS-DOS v1.25 IO.SYS) READ SYSTEM-TIMER DAY COUNTER (XT2IBM PC XT 2,PSIBM PS/2, any model) (INT 1A, TIME, AH=0Ah) READ TIME AND DATE (INT 1A, AT&TAmerican Telephone and Telegraph 6300, AH=FEh) READ UART(Universal Asyncronous Receiver/Transmitter) A peripheral device which converts a sequence of bytes into a serial bit stream at a programmable rate, and vice versa. This device is what makes an RS-232 serial port function. See also USART. REGISTER (INT 14, COMM-DRV v14.0, AH=8Ch) READ URANDOM BYTES (INT 32, NOISE.SYS v0.53+, AX=6E16h) READ VDIF (INT 10, VESA(Video Electronics Standards Association) An industry group which sets both hardware and software standards and recommendations. The term VESA is also used to denote compliance with the VESA SuperVGA BIOS Extensions, a standard set of video BIOS functions for accessing video modes of higher resolution than those defined by IBMInternational Busiuness Machines. VBE(VESA BIOS Extensions) The common software interface for video cards providing support for high resolution and bit depth./DC (Display Data Channel), AX=4F15h/BL=02h) READ VTOC (INT 2F, CD-ROM, AX=1505h) READ/MODIFY PROFILES (CONVERTIBLE) (INT 15, SYSTEM, AH=40h) READ/WRITE CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) A type of integrated circuit design known for its low power consumption. MEMORY {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 15, PS/2IBM PS/2, any model Model 95, AH=CAh) READ/WRITE DOUBLE-BYTE CHARACTER SET CHARACTERS/ATTRIBUTES (INT 10, DOS/V, AH=13h/BH=00h) READ/WRITE IDTsee Interrupt Descriptor Table DESCRIPTOR {protected mode} (INT 21, Phar Lap 386/DOS-Extender v4.0+, AX=253Dh) READ/WRITE LDT DESCRIPTOR {protected mode} (INT 21, Phar Lap 386/DOS-Extender VMM v3.0, AX=2531h) READ/WRITE SYSTEM REGISTERS {protected mode} (INT 21, Phar Lap 386/DOS-Extender v3.0+, AX=2535h) REAL MODE CONNECT (INT 15, Intel System Management Bus, AX=53B0h/BH=02h/CX=6941h) REAL-MODE API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes. (CALL xxxxh:xxxxh, Cloaking) REAL-MODE API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes. (INT 2F, Cloaking, AX=4310h) REAL-TIME CLOCK {callout or callback} (INT 0F, HP 95LX) REAL-TIME DEVICE COUNT (MEM 0040h:00E0h, AMIAmerican Megatrends, Inc.(American Megatrends, Inc.) A hardware, software and firmware company founded in 1985. BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. v1.00.12.AX1T, EPP) REAL-TIME MONITOR {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, Novell DOS 7, EMM386.EXE, MULTITASKING API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=2780h/CL=02h) REAL/32 - "A_TIMEOUT" - SET AUX DEVICE TIMEOUT (INT E0, CL=BAh) REAL/32 - "C_ASSIGN" - ASSIGN DEFAULT CONSOLE TO ANOTHER PROCESS (INT E0, CL=95h) REAL/32 - "C_CATTACH" - CONDITIONALLY ATTACH TO DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=A2h) REAL/32 - "C_DELIMIT" - GET/SET STRING DELIMITER (INT E0, CL=6Eh/DX=FFFFh) REAL/32 - "C_GET" - GET DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=99h) REAL/32 - "C_MODE" - GET/SET CONSOLE MODE (INT E0, CL=6Dh/DX=FFFFh) REAL/32 - "C_RAWIO" - PERFORM RAW I/O WITH DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=06h) REAL/32 - "C_READ" - FETCH CHARACTER FROM THE DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=01h) REAL/32 - "C_READSTR" - READ STRING FROM DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=0Ah) REAL/32 - "C_SET" - SET PROCESS'S DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=94h) REAL/32 - "C_STAT" - RETURN DEFAULT CONSOLE INPUT STATUS (INT E0, CL=0Bh) REAL/32 - "C_WRITE" - WRITE CHARACTER TO DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=02h) REAL/32 - "C_WRITEBLK" - WRITE BLOCK TO DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=6Fh) REAL/32 - "C_WRITESTR" - WRITE STRING TO DEFAULT CONSOLE (INT E0, CL=09h) REAL/32 - "DEV_MAP" - GET/SET SERIAL/PARALLEL PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) MAPPINGS (INT E0, CL=B8h) REAL/32 - "DEV_SETFLAG" - SET SYSTEM FLAG (INT E0, CL=85h) REAL/32 - "DEV_TWAITFLAG" - TIMED WAIT ON SYSTEM FLAG (INT E0, CL=B7h) REAL/32 - "DEV_WAITFLAG" - WAIT ON SYSTEM FLAG (INT E0, CL=84h) REAL/32 - "L_ATTACH" - ATTACH TO DEFAULT LIST DEVICE (INT E0, CL=9Eh) REAL/32 - "L_CATTACH" - CONDITIONALLY ATTACH TO DEFAULT LIST DEVICE (INT E0, CL=A1h) REAL/32 - "L_DETACH" - DETACH FROM DEFAULT LIST DEVICE (INT E0, CL=9Fh) REAL/32 - "L_GET" - GET DEFAULT LIST (PRINTER) DEVICE (INT E0, CL=A4h) REAL/32 - "L_SET" - SET DEFAULT LIST DEVICE (INT E0, CL=A0h) REAL/32 - "L_TIMEOUT" - SET LIST DEVICE TIMEOUT (INT E0, CL=B9h) REAL/32 - "L_WRITE" - WRITE CHARACTER TO DEFAULT LIST DEVICE (INT E0, CL=05h) REAL/32 - "L_WRITEBLK" - WRITE BLOCK TO DEFAULT LIST (PRINTER) DEVICE (INT E0, CL=70h) REAL/32 - "M_ALLOC" - ALLOCATE MEMORY (INT E0, CL=80h) REAL/32 - "M_FREE" - DEALLOCATE MEMORY (INT E0, CL=81h) REAL/32 - "MC_ABSALLOC" - ALLOCATE MEMORY SEGMENT ABSOLUTE {real mode} (INT E0, CL=38h) REAL/32 - "MC_ABSMAX" - ALLOCATE MAXIMUM MEMORY SEGMENT ABSOLUTE {real mode} (INT E0, CL=36h) REAL/32 - "MC_ALLFREE" - CP-M/86 FREE ALL MEMORY {real mode} (INT E0, CL=3Ah) REAL/32 - "MC_ALLOC" - CP-M/86 ALLOCATE MEMORY SEGMENT {real mode} (INT E0, CL=37h) REAL/32 - "MC_FREE" - CP-M/86 FREE SPECIFIED MEMORY SEGMENT {real mode} (INT E0, CL=39h) REAL/32 - "MC_MAX" - CP-M/86 ALLOCATE MAXIMUM MEMORY {real mode} (INT E0, CL=35h) REAL/32 - "MP_ALLOC" - ALLOCATE PHYSICAL MEMORY {real mode} (INT E0, CL=B3h) REAL/32 - "MP_FREE" - DEALLOCATE PHYSICAL MEMORY {real mode} (INT E0, CL=B4h) REAL/32 - "MP_MAP" - MAP PHYSICAL MEMORY {real mode} (INT E0, CL=B5h) REAL/32 - "N_ERRMODE" - SET NETWORK ERROR MODE (INT E0, CL=48h) REAL/32 - "N_LOGON" - LOG OFF A SERVER (INT E0, CL=41h) REAL/32 - "N_LOGON" - LOG ONTO A SERVER (INT E0, CL=40h) REAL/32 - "N_RCT" - GET REQUESTOR CONFIGURATION TABLE (INT E0, CL=45h) REAL/32 - "N_SCT" - GET SERVER CONFIGURATION TABLE (INT E0, CL=47h) REAL/32 - "N_STAT" - GET NETWORK STATUS (INT E0, CL=44h) REAL/32 - "P_ABORT" - ABORT PROCESS BY NAME OR DESCRIPTOR (INT E0, CL=9Dh) REAL/32 - "P_CHAIN" - CHAIN PROCESS (INT E0, CL=2Fh) REAL/32 - "P_CLI" - RUN COMMAND LINE INTERFACE (INT E0, CL=96h) REAL/32 - "P_CREATE" - CREATE A PROCESS (INT E0, CL=90h) REAL/32 - "P_EXEC" - EXECUTE CHILD PROCESS (INT E0, CL=5Dh) REAL/32 - "P_EXITCODE" - GET/SET PROCESS EXIT CODE (INT E0, CL=5Eh/DX=FFFFh) REAL/32 - "P_LOAD" - LOAD .CMD FILE INTO MEMORY {partially documented} (INT E0, CL=3Bh) REAL/32 - "P_PATH" - SCAN PATH FOR EXECUTABLE FILE (INT E0, CL=5Ch) REAL/32 - "P_PDADR" - GET ADDRESS OF PROCESS DESCRIPTOR (INT E0, CL=9Ch) REAL/32 - "P_TERM" - TERMINATE CALLING PROCESS (INT E0, CL=8Fh) REAL/32 - "P_TERMCPM" - TERMINATE CALLING PROCESS (INT E0, CL=00h) REAL/32 - "Q_DELETE" - DELETE SYSTEM QUEUE (INT E0, CL=88h) REAL/32 - "Q_NCREAD" - CONDITIONALLY NONDESTRUCTIVELY READ QUEUE (INT E0, CL=B6h) REAL/32 - "S_BDOSVER" - GET BDOS VERSION (INT E0, CL=0Ch) REAL/32 - "S_SERIAL" - GET OS SERIAL NUMBER (INT E0, CL=6Bh) REAL/32 - "S_SYSDAT" - GET SYSTEM DATA AREA (INT E0, CL=9Ah) REALLOCATE PAGES (INT 67, LIM EMSsee Expanded Memory Specification 4.0, AH=51h) Realtek RTVGA - SET ??? (INT 10, VIDEO, AX=5F03h) REBOOT Device (CALL xxxxh:xxxxh, MS Windows) REBOOT SYSTEM (INT 14, FOSSIL(Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface Layer) A standardized API for performing serial I/O, originally used by the Fido and Opus bulletin- board software and Seadog bulletin-board mailer, but now in wider use., AH=17h) REBOOT USER PROCESSOR (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, AH=CFh) REBOOT {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, NORTON UTILITIES 6.0 NCACHE, AX=FE10h/DI=4E55h) RECALIBRATE DRIVE (INT 13, HARD DISK, AH=11h) RECALIBRATE STATUS (MEM 0040h:003Eh, DISKETTE) RECEIVE (INT 6F, 10NET, AH=05h) RECEIVE A BYTE FROM A DEVICE (INT 14, I1541, AX=400Bh) RECEIVE AND WAIT (INT 68, APPC/PCIBM PC, CONNECTION CONTROL, AH=02h) RECEIVE BLOCK, NO HANDSHAKE (INT 17, Shamrock Software NET.24 v3.11+, AX=2401h) RECEIVE BLOCK, WITH HANDSHAKE (INT 17, Shamrock Software NET.24 v3.11+, AX=2408h) RECEIVE CHARACTER (INT 14, Connection Manager, AH=02h/DX=FFFFh) RECEIVE CHARACTER (INT 14, MultiDOS Plus, AH=22h) RECEIVE CHARACTER BLOCK (INT 14, Connection Manager, AH=07h/DX=FFFFh) RECEIVE CHARACTER FROM REMOTE (INT 17, Shamrock Software NET.24 v3.11+, AX=2407h) RECEIVE CHARACTER WITH WAIT (INT 14, FOSSIL(Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface Layer) A standardized API for performing serial I/O, originally used by the Fido and Opus bulletin- board software and Seadog bulletin-board mailer, but now in wider use., AH=02h) RECEIVE CHARACTER, WITH TIMEOUT (INT 14, PC-MOS/386 v5.01 $serial.sys v5.04, AH=22h) RECEIVE CHARACTERS FROM QRIP (INT 2F, QRIP/TSR(Terminate and Stay Resident) A program which remains in memory after terminating in order to provide services to other programs or the user. The name comes from the name of the DOS function call used to remain in memory after termination., AX=AC06h/DI=1092h) RECEIVE DATA FROM COMM CHANNEL {partially documented} (INT 60, HP 95LX System Manager, DI=0E0Bh) RECEIVE FRAME (INT 7F, G8BPQ v4.00+, HOST MODE, AH=03h) RECEIVE IMMEDIATE (INT 68, APPC/PCIBM PC, CONNECTION CONTROL, AH=02h) RECEIVE OF USER-DEFINED PACKETS (INT 21, TopWare Network OS v5.10+, AX=FF9Ah) RECEIVE PACKET (INT 14, COMM-DRV v14.0, AH=85h) RECEIVE STATUS (INT 6B, NPC NCSI EXTENDED SERIAL I/O, AH=1Ah) RECEIVE TRACE (RAW DATA) FRAME (INT 7F, G8BPQ v4.00+, HOST MODE, AH=0Bh) RECEIVER.COM - ??? {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2A, PCIBM PC Network v1.00, AH=07h) RECEIVER.COM - ??? {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2A, PCIBM PC Network v1.00, AH=86h) RECEIVER.COM - ??? {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2A, PCIBM PC Network v1.00, AH=89h/AL=08h) RECEIVER.COM - ??? {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2A, PCIBM PC Network v1.00, AH=C4h) RECONNECT TO STREETTALK (INT 61, Banyan VINES, AX=0007h/BX=0000h) RECORD VOICE FILE (INT 2F, ZyXEL ZFAX v3+, AX=DB23h) RECOVER ERASED FILE (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F216h) RECOVER SALVAGEABLE FILE (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F216h/DX=0000h) RECOVER SALVAGEABLE FILE (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F257h/DX=0000h) REDEFINE KEY CODES (INT 16, HUNTER 16, AH=24h) REDEFINE KEY SCAN CODES (INT 16, HUNTER 16, AH=2Bh) REDEFINE RAW KEY CODES (INT 16, HUNTER 16, AH=2Ch) REDIRECT CHARACTER OUTPUT (INT 10, Direct Graphics Interface Standard (DGIS(Direct Graphics Interface Standard)), AX=6A01h/CX=0000h) REDIRECT DEVICE (INT 21, DOS 3.1+ network, AX=5F03h) REDIRECT LPT1 (INT 15, HUNTER 16, AH=79h) REDIRECT SERIAL NUMBER (INT 15, HUNTER 16, AH=72h) REDIRECTED PRINTER MODE {callout or callback, undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, NETWORK REDIRECTOR, AX=1125h) REDIRECTED TO INT 0A BY BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. {callout or callback} (INT 71, IRQ9) Redirector - ??? {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, LapLink RemoteAccess (LLRA), AX=C205h) Redirector - ??? {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, LapLink RemoteAccess (LLRA), AX=C2F0h) Redirector - ??? {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, LapLink RemoteAccess (LLRA), AX=C2F1h) REDRAW SCREEN (INT 10, Alloy MW386, AH=93h) REFRESH EMULATION SCREEN (INT 61, Banyan VINES, ASYNC TERMINAL EMULATION, AX=0003h) REGAIN CONTROL (INT 14, IBMInternational Busiuness MachinesInternational Busiuness Machines) A hardware, software and other service technology company founded in 1911./Yale EBIOS SERIAL I/O, AH=F9h) REGISTER A PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) WITH A TERMINAL (INT 14, PC-MOS/386 v5.01 $serial.sys v5.04, AH=13h) REGISTER CARD TECHNOLOGY CALLBACK (INT 1A, PCMCIA Socket Services v1.00, AH=82h) REGISTER CLIENT (INT 2F, DOS Protected ModeOne of the operating modes of the 80286 and higher Intel processors, in which addresses used by programs no longer correspond to physical addresses and the CPU enforces various protection mechanisms designed to prevent one program from disrupting other programs or the operating system. See also Real Mode, Virtual-86 Mode. Services (DPMSsee DOS Protected-Mode Services) v1.0, AX=43E1h) REGISTER CLOAKING CLIENT {protected mode} (INT 2C, Cloaking v1.01, AX=0033h) REGISTER DEVICE (INT 2F, CATC USB4DOS Device Manager, AX=BC00h/BL=01h) REGISTER DUMP (INT E6, Linux DOSEMU, AH=01h) REGISTER EXTERNAL CHARACTER (INT 10, VIDEO, AX PCIBM PC, AX=5100h) REGISTER MULTICAST (INT 7C, SK-UPPS Data Link Interface API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=0009h) REGISTER PROTOCOL (INT 7C, SK-UPPS Data Link Interface API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=0007h) REGISTER ROOT OF UPPER MEMORY LINK (INT 2F, DR DOS 6.0+ IBMBIO.COM, AX=12FFh/BX=0009h) REGISTER STATUS CHANGE CALLBACK (INT 1A, PCMCIA Socket Services v1.00, AH=81h) REGISTER XMIDI (INT 66, MIDPAK, AX=0704h) REGISTER XMIDI FILE (INT 66, MIDPAK, AX=070Dh) REGISTER/UNREGISTER TASK MANAGER (INT 2F, DR DOS 6.0 TaskMAX, AX=2704h) REINITIALIZE DRIVE (INT 13, Future Domain SCSI(Small Computer Systems Interface) A system-independent expansion bus typically used to connect hard disks, tape drives, and CD-ROMs to a computer. A host adapter connects the SCSI bus to the computer's own bus. See also ESDI, IDE. CONTROLLER, AH=19h) RELEASE ALL SEMAPHORES FOR USER (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, MW386, AH=B0h) RELEASE BUFFER (INT 7C, SK-UPPS Data Link Interface API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=0005h) RELEASE BUFFER (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, MW386, CHANNEL CONTROL, AH=10h/CL=04h) RELEASE CPU(Central Processing Unit) The microprocessor which executes programs on your computer. (INT 7F, MultiLink Advanced v1.0+, AH=02h) RELEASE CURRENT VIRTUAL MACHINE TIME-SLICE (INT 2F, MS Windows, DPMIsee DOS Protected-Mode Interface, various, AX=1680h) RELEASE DEVICE FOR USER (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, AH=82h) RELEASE DEVICES FOR USER (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, AH=B4h) RELEASE DMAsee Direct Memory Access BUFFFER (INT 4B, Virtual DMA SpecificationA set of interrupt calls which permit the use of DMA even on systems running in protected or Virtual-86 mode with their address remapping, or systems such as Micro Channel PSIBM PS/2, any model/2s with multiple bus masters independently performing DMA operations., AX=8108h) RELEASE EXTERNAL PROCEDURE (INT 21, DIET v1.43e, AX=37DDh/BX=899Dh) RELEASE FILE (FCBsee File Control Block) {obsolete} (INT 21, Novell NetWare, Alloy NTNX, AH=CCh) RELEASE FILE (INT 21, Novell NetWare, SYNCHRONIZATION SERVICES, AH=ECh) RELEASE FILE SET (INT 21, Novell NetWare, SYNCHRONIZATION SERVICES, AH=CDh) RELEASE FILES FOR USER (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, AH=B3h) RELEASE HANDLE AND MEMORY (INT 67, LIM EMSsee Expanded Memory Specification, AH=45h) RELEASE LICENSE (INT 2F, License Service API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=7002h/CX=001Fh) RELEASE LOGICAL COMMUNICATIONS PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) (INT 14, Alloy MW386 v2+, AH=22h) RELEASE LOGICAL RECORD (INT 21, Novell NetWare, SYNCHRONIZATION SERVICES, AH=D2h) RELEASE LOGICAL RECORD SET (INT 21, Novell NetWare, SYNCHRONIZATION SERVICES, AH=D3h) RELEASE MESSAGES FOR USER (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, AH=B2h) RELEASE MS-DOS MEMORY BLOCK {protected mode} (INT 21, Phar Lap 386/DOS-Extender, AX=25C1h) RELEASE NORMAL SEMAPHORES FOR USER (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, MW386, AH=B1h) RELEASE PHYS RECORD SET (INT 21, Novell NetWare, SYNCHRONIZATION SERVICES, AH=C3h) RELEASE PHYSICAL COMMUNICATIONS PORTIBM PC Portable (uses same BIOS as XT) (INT 14, Alloy MW386 v1.x only, AH=21h) RELEASE PHYSICAL RECORD (INT 21, Novell NetWare, SYNCHRONIZATION SERVICES, AH=BDh) RELEASE RECORD (FCBsee File Control Block) {obsolete} (INT 21, Novell NetWare, Alloy NTNX, AH=C0h) RELEASE RESOURCE SEMAPHORE (INT 15, MultiDOS Plus, AH=02h) RELEASE RESOURCE SEMAPHORE BY NAME (INT 15, MultiDOS Plus, AH=1Ch) RELEASE SEMAPHORE (INT 7F, Alloy NTNX, MW386, AH=02h) RELEASE TYPE (INT 60, FTP(File Transfer Protocol) The standard protocol for copying files from one machine to another on a TCP/IP (Internet) network. Also the program of the same name with which a user may transfer files. Packet DriverAny one of the numerous drivers conforming to FTP Software's Packet Driver Specification, which provides a hardware-independent network interface. See also NDIS, ODI., BASIC(Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) A programming language originally designed as a means of teaching FORTRAN. There are many variations of BASIC with differing capabilities; the majority are interpreted but compiled BASIC is becoming more popular. All genuine IBMInternational Busiuness Machines personal computers (including the latest PS/2IBM PS/2, any model models) come equipped with a cassette-based BASIC interpreter in ROM. FUNC, AH=03h) RELINK KEYBOARD HANDLER {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, NETWORK, AX=B808h) RELINQUISH CONTROL (INT 7A, Novell NetWare, IPX(Internetwork Packet Exchange) A low-level layer of Novell's NetWare networking software. Driver, BX=000Ah) RELOAD DEVICE ADDRESS FROM HARDWARE (I2C(also IIC; the "2" is superscripted) Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus -- A moderate-speed serial communications bus originally invented by Philips in the early 1980s for consumer-electronics applications, such as inter-chip communication in a television set or high-end stereo. The I2C bus has recently appeared on PCs in video capture boards and similar devices, as well as (surprisingly) SDRAM DIMMs (for the on-board serial EEPROM). The ACCESS.bus is a derivative of the I2C bus which forms the physical layer of the Universal Serial Bus. Similary, the SMBus (System Management Bus) also uses I2C as its physical layer. 00h/04h, General Call) RELOAD EMSsee Expanded Memory Specification FROM VIDEO RAM(Random Access Memory) See also DRAM, SRAM. (INT 67, VIDEMS.SYS v1.31+, AX=2763h/CL=03h/BX=AAFFh) RELOCATE THE BDOS {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, DR DOS 6.0+ IBMBIO.COM, AX=12FFh/BX=0001h/CX=0000h) RELOCATE THE BIOS(Basic Input/Output System) A set of standardized calls giving low-level access to the hardware. The BIOS is the lowest software layer above the actual hardware and serves to insulate programs (and operating systems) which use it from the details of accessing the hardware directly. {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, DR DOS 6.0+ IBMBIO.COM, AX=12FFh/BX=0003h/CX=0000h) RELOCATE {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, DBLSPACE.BIN, AX=4A11h/BX=FFFEh) RELOCATED DEFAULT INT 10 VIDEO SERVICES (EGAEnhanced Graphics Adapter(Enhanced Graphics Adapter) IBMInternational Busiuness Machines's second color video board for the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PCIBM PC family, capable of a maximum resolution of 640x350 pixels in 16 simultaneous colors of a total of 64 possible colors.,VGAVideo Graphics Array(Video Graphics Array) The video adapter introduced with the IBMInternational Busiuness Machines PS/2IBM PS/2, any model series of computers.) (INT 42, VIDEO) RELOCATED INT 19 (INT 5B, PCIBM PC cluster adapter) RELOCATED INT 1C (INT E2, PCIBM PC Cluster Program) RELOCATED IRQ0 (INT 78, DJGPP GO32.EXE DOS EXTENDER) RELOCATED IRQ0 (INT D8, Screen Thief v1.00) RELOCATED IRQ1 (INT 79, DJGPP GO32.EXE DOS EXTENDER) RELOCATED IRQ1 (INT D9, Screen Thief v1.00) RELOCATED IRQ2 (INT 7A, DJGPP GO32.EXE DOS EXTENDER) RELOCATED IRQ2 (INT DA, Screen Thief v1.00) RELOCATED IRQ3 (INT 7B, DJGPP GO32.EXE DOS EXTENDER) RELOCATED IRQ3 (INT DB, Screen Thief v1.00) RELOCATED IRQ4 (INT 7C, DJGPP GO32.EXE DOS EXTENDER) RELOCATED IRQ4 (INT DC, Screen Thief v1.00) RELOCATED IRQ5 (INT 7D, DJGPP GO32.EXE DOS EXTENDER) RELOCATED IRQ5 (INT DD, Screen Thief v1.00) RELOCATED IRQ6 (INT 7E, DJGPP GO32.EXE DOS EXTENDER) RELOCATED IRQ6 (INT DE, Screen Thief v1.00) RELOCATED IRQ7 (INT 7F, DJGPP GO32.EXE DOS EXTENDER) RELOCATED IRQ7 (INT DF, Screen Thief v1.00) RELOCATED PRINT-SCREEN (INT 80, Phar Lap 386|DOS-Extender) RELOCK REAL MODE REGION {protected mode} (INT 31, DPMIsee DOS Protected-Mode Interface 0.9+, AX=0603h) REMAP CHANNEL {obsolete} (INT 66, MIDPAK, AX=0706h) REMAP DRIVE (INT 60, RIFS, CLIENT, AX=0002h) REMOTE API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes. CALL {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 21, LAN Manager Enhanced DOS, AX=5F3Fh) REMOTE FILE COPY (INT 2F, NetWare 4.0, AX=1127h/BX=4E57h) REMOTE PRINTER ECHO ON/OFF {callout or callback, undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, NETWORK REDIRECTOR, AX=1126h) REMOTE READ REGISTER (MEM FEE0h:00C0h, Pentium, LOCAL APIC) REMOVAL CHECK (INT 2F, Kingswood TSR(Terminate and Stay Resident) A program which remains in memory after terminating in order to provide services to other programs or the user. The name comes from the name of the DOS function call used to remain in memory after termination. INTERFACE, AH=39h/BL=01h) REMOVE A SUBDIRECTORY {partially documented} (INT 60, HP 95LX System Manager, DI=0512h) REMOVE A TASK (INT D4, PC-MOS/386 v5.01, AH=21h) REMOVE AN EXTERNAL APPLICATION FUNCTION (INT 14, FOSSIL(Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface Layer) A standardized API for performing serial I/O, originally used by the Fido and Opus bulletin- board software and Seadog bulletin-board mailer, but now in wider use., AH=7Fh) REMOVE AUDIT PROPERTY (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F258h) REMOVE BREAKPOINT (INT 15, PhysTechSoft PTS ROM-DOS, AX=E909h) REMOVE DIRECTORY (INT 21, Windows95, LONG FILENAME, AX=713Ah) REMOVE DOS TASK (INT 7F, Alloy MW386, AH=E7h) REMOVE DRIVER FROM MEMORY (INT 33, LOGITECH MOUSE, AX=226Ch) REMOVE EVENT HANDLER (INT 2F, PC-DOS Econet v1.05, AX=C504h) REMOVE EXTENDED TRUSTEE FROM DIR OR FILE (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F216h/DX=0000h) REMOVE FILE FROM PRINT QUEUE (INT 2F, DOS 3.0+ PRINT, AX=0102h) REMOVE FILE FROM PRINT QUEUE {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, DOS 2.x only PRINT.COM, AH=01h) REMOVE FILE SELECTION MENU {partially documented} (INT 60, HP 95LX System Manager, DI=0208h) REMOVE GLOBAL NETWORK NAME OF OBJECT (INT 21, STARLITE architecture, AX=5F08h) REMOVE JOB FROM QUEUE (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare v2.1+, AX=F217h/DX=0000h) REMOVE JOB FROM QUEUE (OLD) (INT 21, Novell NetWare, QUEUE SERVICES, AH=E3h) REMOVE JOB FROM QUEUE (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F217h/DX=0000h) REMOVE MENU {partially documented} (INT 60, HP 95LX System Manager, DI=0203h) REMOVE MESSAGE BOX {partially documented} (INT 60, HP 95LX System Manager, DI=0F04h) REMOVE PRINTER FROM SPOOLER (INT 17, Alloy NTNX, MW386, AH=88h) REMOVE PROCESS {callout or callback} (INT 2F, DESQview v2.26+ External Dev Interface, AX=DE05h) REMOVE PROTECTED-MODE TASK GATE (INT 21, OS/286, OS/386, AX=E403h) REMOVE RECEIVED PACKET (INT 80, QPC Software PKTINT.COM, AH=06h) REMOVE REMOTE DIRECTORY {callout or callback, undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, IFSFUNC.EXE (DOS 4.x only), AX=1102h) REMOVE REMOTE DIRECTORY {callout or callback, undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, NETWORK REDIRECTOR, AX=1101h) REMOVE Soft-ICE BREAKPOINT (INT 03, Soft-ICE v2.5x, BACK DOOR COMMANDS, AX=0914h/SI=4647h/DI=4A4Dh) REMOVE TSR(Terminate and Stay Resident) A program which remains in memory after terminating in order to provide services to other programs or the user. The name comes from the name of the DOS function call used to remain in memory after termination. FROM MEMORY (INT 66, BitFax Scheduler, AX=3345h) REMOVE USER DISK SPACE RESTRICTIONS (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F216h) REMOVE USER FROM GROUP (INT 7F, Alloy MW386, AH=F9h/DH=00h) REMOVE WINDOW {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 16, PCIBM PC Tools v5.1-8.0 DESKTOP, AX=FFC7h) RENAME BINDERY OBJECT (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F217h/DX=0000h) RENAME BINDERY OBJECT (INT 21, Novell NetWare, BINDERY SERVICES, AH=E3h) RENAME DIRECTORY (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F216h/DX=0000h) RENAME DIRECTORY (INT 21, Novell NetWare, DIRECTORY SERVICES, AH=E2h) RENAME FILE (INT 21, Windows95, LONG FILENAME, AX=7156h) RENAME FILE USING FCBsee File Control Block (INT 21, DOS 1+, AH=17h) RENAME FILE {partially documented} (INT 60, HP 95LX System Manager, DI=050Dh) RENAME OR MOVE (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F216h/DX=0000h) RENAME OR MOVE FILE OR SUBDIRECTORY (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=F257h/DX=0000h) RENAME REMOTE FILE {callout or callback, undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, IFSFUNC.EXE (DOS 4.x only), AX=1112h) RENAME REMOTE FILE {callout or callback, undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 2F, NETWORK REDIRECTOR, AX=1111h) RENDERING HARDCOPY DRIVER (INT 7C, AutoShade v2) RENEGOTIATE SECURITY LEVEL (INT 21, Novell NetWare, AX=B306h) Repeat While Carry Flag (OPCODE REPC) Repeat While Not Carry Flag (OPCODE REPNC) REPORT AUDIO DRIVER CAPABILITIES (INT 66, IBMSND driver, DIGPAK, AX=068Ch) REPORT CALLBACK ADDRESS (INT 66, IBMSND driver, DIGPAK, AX=0691h) REPORT CURRENT SAMPLE ADDRESS (INT 66, IBMSND driver, DIGPAK, AX=068Dh) REPORT DMAsee Direct Memory Access COUNTER (INT 66, DIGPAK, AX=069Dh) REPORT MODE CHANGE TO QRIP (INT 2F, QRIP/TSR(Terminate and Stay Resident) A program which remains in memory after terminating in order to provide services to other programs or the user. The name comes from the name of the DOS function call used to remain in memory after termination., AX=AC16h/DI=1092h) REPORT PEN CONTROL AREA EVENT (INT 15, HP OmniShare, Pen Driver, AX=BA10h) REPORT SEQUENCE NUMBER (INT 66, MIDPAK, AX=0716h) REPORT SOUND DRIVER STATUS (INT 66, IBMSND driver, DIGPAK, AX=0689h) REPORT TRIGGER EVENT COUNTER (INT 66, MIDPAK, AX=0707h) REPORT WHETHER NAME IS ELIGIBLE FOR OUTSWAPPING (INT 88, APL(A Programming Language) An interactive, mathematically- oriented language which is well-suited to manipulating matrices. Originally using greek letters and numerous special symbols, thus requiring a special display, versions are now available which use keywords in place of the special symbols.*PLUS/PCIBM PC, AL=F8h) REPORT ZOOM FACTOR (INT 61, OPTIMA 1024 VGA-Sync,ET-3000 chipset, AX=0003h) REPOSITION MAGNIFIED WINDOW (INT 49, MAGic v1.16+, AX=0004h) REPROGRAM CDTSR (INT 2D, CDTSR, AL=11h) REQUEST (INT 15, Intel System Management Bus, AX=53B0h/BH=10h) REQUEST ABORT (INT 15, Intel System Management Bus, AX=53B0h/BH=12h) REQUEST BUFFER (INT 7C, SK-UPPS Data Link Interface API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=0004h) REQUEST CONTINUATION (INT 15, Intel System Management Bus, AX=53B0h/BH=11h) REQUEST DATA AND STATUS (INT 15, Intel System Management Bus, AX=53B0h/BH=13h) REQUEST DMAsee Direct Memory Access BUFFER (INT 4B, Virtual DMA SpecificationA set of interrupt calls which permit the use of DMA even on systems running in protected or Virtual-86 mode with their address remapping, or systems such as Micro Channel PSIBM PS/2, any model/2s with multiple bus masters independently performing DMA operations., AX=8107h) REQUEST HARDWARE RESET (INT 2F, QMR, AX=C001h) REQUEST LICENSE (INT 2F, License Service API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=7001h/CX=001Fh) REQUEST NEW STACK (INT B4, StackMan) REQUEST POP UP (INT B3, ZIPKEY, AH=7Dh) REQUEST POP-UP (INT 2D, AMIS v3.0+, AL=03h) REQUEST POP-UP {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 16, PCIBM PC Tools v5.1+ PCShell API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=FFDDh/BX=0001h) REQUEST POP-UP {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 16, PCIBM PC Tools v5.1+ PCShell API(Application Program[ming] Interface) The defined set of calls which a program may make to interact with or request services of the operating system or environment under which it is running. Because the inputs and outputs of the calls are well-defined, a program using the API can continue using the identical calls even if the internal organization of the program providing the API changes., AX=FFDDh/BX=0003h) REQUEST POWER DOWN (INT 15, HUNTER 16, AH=68h) REQUEST POWER OFF (CONVERTIBLE,HP 95LX) (INT 15, SYSTEM, AH=42h) REQUEST RESOURCE SEMAPHORE (INT 15, MultiDOS Plus, AH=01h) REQUEST RESOURCE SEMAPHORE BY NAME (INT 15, MultiDOS Plus, AH=1Bh) REQUEST TO SEND (INT 68, APPC/PCIBM PC, CONNECTION CONTROL, AH=02h) RESERVE BLOCK OF MEMORY FOR 32-BIT STACK {protected mode} (INT 21, FlashTek X-32VM, AX=350Dh) RESERVE MEMORY {undocumentedInformation about a product which is not publicly available from the manufacturer, and must be determined by reverse-engineering (disassembly, trial-and-error, etc.). Undocumented information tends to change -- often dramatically -- between successive revisions of a product, since the manufacturer has no obligation to maintain compatibility in behavior which is not explicitly stated.} (INT 13, QUICKCACHE II v4.20, AH=31h) RESERVED (ATIBM PC AT,PSIBM PS/2, any model) {callout or callback} (INT 77, IRQ15) RESERVED (CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) A type of integrated circuit design known for its low power consumption. 4Dh, AMIAmerican Megatrends, Inc.(American Megatrends, Inc.) A hardware, software and firmware company founded in 1985. (Saturn)) RESERVED (INT 13, Seagate ST01/ST02, AX=5502h) reserved (INT 15, DESQview v2.20-2.25, AX=DE17h) RESERVED (INT 15, Intel System Management Bus, AX=53B0h) RESERVED (INT 15, Intel System Management Bus, AX=53B0h/BH=00h) RESERVED (INT 15, later PSIBM PS/2, any model/2s, AH=D0h) RESERVED (INT 15, later PSIBM PS/2, any model/2s, AH=D2h) RESERVED (INT 15, later PSIBM PS/2, any model/2s, AH=D3h) RESERVED (INT 15, later PSIBM PS/2, any model/2s, AH=D5h)